Natural Family Planning: Methods and Effectiveness

With growth in the medical and scientific industries, there has also been an expansion of options for understanding fertility, infertility, and conception. The Natural Family Planning (NFP) method is described as a technique used to track fertility and manage family size without relying on artificial contraceptives. Some key components of NFP are as follows:

1. Menstrual Cycle Tracking: Learning about and understanding the phases of the menstrual cycle helps identify fertile and infertile periods. The menstrual cycle consists of four phases: the menstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulation phase, and luteal phase. 
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2. Fertility Signs: NFP also relies on observing physical signs, such as Basal Body Temperature (BBT), which indicates a slight increase in body temperature after ovulation, signalling the end of the fertile phase. Additionally, changes in cervical mucus and its positioning can indicate fertility status. Calculating previous cycle lengths can also help identify fertile phases.

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Methods of Natural Family Planning

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1. Sympto-Thermal Method: This method combines multiple fertility signs, including:some text
   • Basal Body Temperature (BBT): Measured every morning before getting out of bed to detect the slight increase after ovulation.
   • Cervical Mucus Monitoring: Observing changes in mucus consistency and appearance.
   • Cervical Position: Checking the position and texture of the cervix. 
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2. Billings Ovulation Method: This method primarily focuses on cervical mucus. Observers monitor changes in mucus throughout the cycle, identifying peak fertility when the mucus is clear and stretchy. 
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3. Creighton Method: Similar to the Billings method, the Creighton Model emphasises the observation of cervical mucus, using a standardised system for recording and interpreting these signs. 
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4. Standard Days Method: Based on calendar tracking, this method assumes a regular cycle and identifies the fertile window. It is most effective for women with regular cycles, typically days 8 to 19 of a 28-day cycle. 
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5. Fertility Awareness-Based Methods: These methods encompass various techniques for tracking fertility signs, including monitoring BBT and cervical mucus, similar to the Sympto-Thermal method but varying in how they combine or interpret the signs.
    
6. Lactational Amenorrhea Method: This temporary method is for breastfeeding mothers. It relies on the natural infertility that often occurs when a mother is exclusively breastfeeding. It is typically effective for up to six months postpartum, as long as menstrual cycles have not resumed.

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Effectiveness of Natural Family Planning

The effectiveness of NFP depends significantly on the chosen method and how diligently it is practised. Here is a general overview of its effectiveness:

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1. Efficacy Success: When NFP is used correctly, its effectiveness is rated at 98-99%. This means that less than 2% of women who use this method perfectly will experience an unintended pregnancy within a year. 
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2. Efficacy Failures: Due to human error and other factors leading to irregular practice or negligence, efficacy can drop to about 75%. 
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3. Education: Proper training and education are essential for success. Inaccuracies in tracking can lead to mistakes in identifying fertile and infertile phases. 
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4. Consistency: Regular monitoring is required to avoid unintended pregnancies. 
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5. Cycle Regularity: Women with regular cycles may find NFP more effective than those with irregular cycles. 
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6. No Hormonal Side Effects: Additionally, NFP methods do not involve side effects compared to hormonal contraceptives. Many users appreciate gaining a deeper understanding of their bodies and reproductive health.

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Conclusion

While there are both advantages and disadvantages to the NFP method, it is considered one of the safest options and is often recommended by healthcare professionals.

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Women and aspiring parents can gain more information by connecting with Rocket Health India's Women's Health team to gain more knowledge and explore next steps under the right guidance and at a safe space. 

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References

Bouchard, T. J., & Maloney, A. (2014). Natural family planning: The complete guide. Natural Family Planning International.

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Stanford, J. B., & Smith, L. (2014). The effectiveness of the Standard Days Method of family planning: A systematic review. Contraception, 89(1), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2013.08.008

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American Academy of Family Physicians. (2017). Natural family planning: An overview. Retrieved from https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/1015/p533.html